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The difference between plug-in hybrid and hybrid
Hybrid vehicles are designed to reduce fuel consumption and emissions by integrating electric motors with internal combustion engines. This technology allows the engine to operate in its most efficient range, especially during start-up, low-speed driving, and acceleration. A hybrid car can be driven in three modes: pure electric, pure gasoline, or a combination of both. Unlike fully electric vehicles, hybrids do not require constant access to charging stations because they recharge through regenerative braking or by using excess engine power.
There are different types of hybrid vehicles. For example, general hybrids have small battery capacities, like the Lexus CT200h, which has a 6.5Ah battery—similar to a high-powered flashlight battery. These vehicles typically have limited all-electric range, often less than 3 kilometers. Instead of relying on external charging, they charge their batteries through energy recovery during braking or by the engine when it's running at low speeds. This eliminates the need to search for a charging station constantly.
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) differ from traditional hybrids in that they can be charged directly from an external power source. They also have larger battery packs, allowing them to travel further on electric power alone. In PHEVs, the motor is usually the primary power source, and the engine acts as a backup when the battery is depleted. This means PHEVs rely less on the internal combustion engine compared to conventional hybrids.
The main differences between PHEVs and traditional hybrids include:
1. **External Charging**: PHEVs can be charged via a power outlet, while traditional hybrids rely on regenerative braking and engine-generated power.
2. **Battery Capacity**: PHEVs have significantly larger batteries, enabling longer electric-only driving ranges, often over 50 km, whereas traditional hybrids have smaller batteries and limited electric-only operation.
In PHEVs, the motor provides the majority of the power, so it needs to be more powerful and supported by a larger battery. When operating in pure electric mode, the vehicle runs solely on battery power, resulting in zero tailpipe emissions. Once the battery is depleted, the engine takes over, allowing the vehicle to continue operating in hybrid mode.
PHEVs combine the benefits of both hybrid and electric vehicles. They offer a long driving range in hybrid mode and the ability to drive purely on electricity for shorter distances. This makes them ideal for people who want to minimize fuel use without worrying about range anxiety.
Unlike regular hybrids, PHEVs can be plugged in to charge, making them more versatile. Their larger battery capacity allows them to run for tens of kilometers on electric power alone, reducing overall fuel consumption. For instance, the Prius Plug-in can travel up to 30 km in pure electric mode, cutting fuel consumption to as low as 2L per 100 km—significantly lower than the standard hybrid version.
Charging a PHEV is straightforward, with full charges achievable in a few hours. If you maintain good charging habits, you can enjoy the cost-effectiveness of an electric vehicle without the worry of battery life. However, the larger battery pack increases the vehicle’s price, and some regions do not offer subsidies for plug-in hybrids. In Beijing, for example, only fully electric vehicles receive financial support.
Additionally, there are three main ways to charge a hybrid vehicle's battery:
1. **Engine Charging**: While the gasoline engine is running, it can charge the battery, especially when the motor is not needed for acceleration or climbing.
2. **Regenerative Braking**: During braking, energy is captured and returned to the battery, improving efficiency.
3. **External Charging**: PHEVs can be charged using a power outlet, which is a key advantage over traditional hybrids.
These features make PHEVs a practical choice for those looking to reduce their environmental impact while still enjoying the flexibility of a gasoline engine when needed.