UAV-based buck boost battery charger

Today, we see more and more electronic products with USB type-cTM and USB power output (PD) ports on the market. These products range from mobile phones, laptops and mobile power to drones, power tools, and smart home and portable applications. The USB PD standard allows high-power transmission after negotiation and sets new requirements for the content behind the port: the charger IC.

On the one hand, as a device, your device should be able to negotiate the highest voltage (5-20V) and current supplied by the source to charge the battery and provide power to the system. On the other hand, as a host, your device should provide the maximum voltage (5V-20V) and current of the battery to the peripheral from an active copy (OTG).

For devices with single or multi-cell Li-ion battery systems, the buck boost battery charger is a good solution that is compatible with the requirements I have described. When the device is charging, if the voltage source is higher than the battery, the buck boost battery charger can lower (buck) the voltage source to charge the battery, or can boost (boost) the voltage source separately. When powering peripherals, if the peripheral requires a lower voltage, the buck boost charger can lower the battery voltage, and if a higher voltage is required, the device can boost.

As more and more applications use USB PD and Type C USB ports, buck boost chargers have received widespread attention. Taking a drone as an example, a drone is a device that consumes a lot of power. Depending on the power level and battery capacity, most drones can fly for 6 to 30 minutes after each charge. Due to the short flight time, users can easily purchase spare batteries and have a variety of charging options, from charging the port of the drone itself to using the car or the cradle charger at home.

UAV-based buck boost battery charger

bq25703A application diagram

Because the Type C USB port is versatile and has high power transfer capability, it is ideal for this type of application. In order to be compatible with power supplies with different voltages and power levels, it is necessary to use a buck boost charger for a multi-cell battery system such as a drone. It is also critical that the user can quickly and safely charge the battery during the flight interval. The bq25703A and bq25700A support up to 6.35A of charge current and offer a wide range of protection features including Input Current Optimization (ICO) to help maximize power from a wide range of adapters. Figure 1 provides additional information in the bq25703A application diagram.

Finally, the drone should be able to operate and charge under different temperature conditions. The bq25703A series offers ±0.6% battery charge adjustment accuracy from -40°C to 85°C. This high level of charging accuracy ensures that the battery is optimally charged over temperature.

The buck boost battery charger is an ideal solution for applications that use USB PD ports and require a smooth transition between operating modes, different adapter adaptability, and extensive security features.

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