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Description of passive safety applications for ADAS technology
Whether it's autonomous driving or ADAS before full autonomy, the core of these systems lies in intelligent technology. While the implementation paths may vary, they all revolve around the "perception-cognition-decision" process. The key difference lies in how "cognition" and "decision" are applied at each stage.
At this year’s Beijing Auto Show, Bosch was one of the most talked-about names. Changan’s 2000-kilometer self-driving test not only showcased its own capabilities but also brought attention to Bosch’s booth. As car manufacturers and tech startups race to secure a place in the autonomous driving ecosystem, the competition is heating up.
While autonomous driving aims to eliminate accidents at their root, the path to “zero accident†typically starts with “zero injury†and “zero death.†Until that goal is fully realized, passive safety systems remain crucial for protecting occupants when an accident is unavoidable. Intelligence isn't just about active safety; it's also transforming passive safety.
Bosch is pushing the boundaries of passive safety by integrating intelligence into traditional systems. Their Intelligent Safety System (ISS) outlines five development phases:
1. **Accident Detection**: Using pressure and acceleration sensors to trigger airbags and seatbelt pretensioners—this technology is already mass-produced.
2. **Integrated Collision Detection**: Adding cameras and radar to provide more accurate accident data, improving the performance of passive systems (launched in 2015).
3. **Personalized Occupant Safety**: Tailoring restraint systems based on occupant characteristics like age, gender, and position, as well as dynamic control during collisions (2016).
4. **Pre-Triggering of Passive Systems**: Activating restraints before impact to maximize occupant space and reduce head and chest injuries (2018).
5. **Accident Guidance and Calibration**: Adjusting vehicle positioning based on surroundings to minimize accident severity (2020).
According to Bosch, integrated collision detection and personalized safety have been developed and are being discussed with automakers, though market timelines are still uncertain.
The next step is precise accident prediction. Traditional sensors alone aren’t enough. Cameras and radars can detect situations that accelerometers and pressure sensors miss, such as rear-end collisions where a vehicle is pushed under another. These systems help analyze images and distances, enabling better accident judgment.
However, processing this data quickly is a challenge. Airbags must deploy within 15 milliseconds during a 50 km/h collision, requiring fast and accurate data extraction. Moreover, integrating passive safety with ADAS and autopilot systems is essential. When active systems like AEB or automatic braking fail to prevent an accident, the passive system must adapt to the collision conditions.
This shows that passive and active safety are not separate—they need to work together within a unified system architecture.
Personalization is another key aspect of precision. For example, airbags can sometimes cause harm to children or small adults. By collecting occupant data, such as height, weight, and position, passive systems can adjust airbag deployment and seatbelt tension to avoid unnecessary injuries.
In summary, the future of safety goes beyond just preventing accidents. It involves anticipating them, adapting protection strategies, and even considering pedestrian safety. Bosch’s ISS represents a shift toward smarter, more integrated, and more personalized safety solutions, ensuring that autonomous vehicles offer the same level of protection as human-driven ones.