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Description of the relationship between urban cloud brains and urban cloud brains and Internet cloud brains
**Foreword:**
This article presents a research exploration into the future of intelligent laboratories, focusing on the concept of smart cities built upon brain-like architectures. It emphasizes that the development of smart cities should not be limited to individual urban boundaries but should instead leverage the synergy effect across multiple cities within the broader context of the Internet. The paper elaborates on the relationships between the central nervous system of the city cloud brain, the coverage of the urban neuron network, and the occurrence of the urban cloud neural reflex arc. It also explores the interplay between the city cloud brain and the Internet cloud brain.
**First, on the Internet Cloud Brain Architecture**
Since the creation of the Internet in 1969, human innovation has continuously evolved without a unified structural plan. By 2017, with the rise of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, robotics, virtual reality, and the industrial internet, the brain-like structure of the Internet cloud brain became increasingly apparent. In 2007, researchers at the Future Intelligent Laboratory proposed the Internet cloud brain architecture and the urban cloud brain architecture by integrating the emerging concept of an Internet-like nervous system.
**Second, on the Urban Cloud Brain: Smart City Construction Based on the Internet Cloud Brain Structure**
Over the past two decades, leading technology companies have driven the smart transformation of cities through innovation and commercial competition. Smart cities can be seen as a natural extension of the Internet's development and the deepening of urban construction. Therefore, building a smart city must consider the Internet’s evolution and trends. As a result of combining the Internet cloud brain with urban development, the city cloud brain inherits the fundamental structure of the Internet cloud brain. This model is also known as the "City Cloud Brain." Its definition includes:
The city gradually develops its own central nervous system (cloud computing), sensory nervous system (IoT), motor nervous system (Industry 4.0), nerve endings (edge computing), and intelligence generation and application (big data and AI). These components form two core functions: first, the urban neuron network, enabling communication between people, people and things, and things and things; second, the cloud reflex arc, allowing rapid and intelligent responses from urban services. These features drive continuous improvements in urban intelligence, forming a brain-like urban structure known as the city cloud brain.
**Third, the City Cloud Brain Is a Node of the Internet Cloud Brain, and Cooperation Between Cities Is Essential**
From a developmental perspective, the city cloud brain does not exist as an isolated system. Instead, it emerges when the Internet integrates with specific geographic areas, forming neural nodes shaped by each city’s unique conditions.
In practical applications, the construction of a city cloud brain should not be isolated. Rather, it should focus on complementarity and synergy among different city cloud brains. Through a higher-level Internet cloud brain architecture, three key aspects can facilitate this integration.
**First, the Nerve Center System of the City Cloud Brain Can Be Located in Other Cities**
The construction of a city’s cloud computing system—its central nervous system—uses servers, networks, neural networks, big data, and AI algorithms to control other parts of the urban cloud brain. However, a city’s nerve center, including its big data infrastructure, may be located in another city. For example, the central nervous system of Beijing’s city cloud brain could be hosted in Guizhou Province.
**Second, the Neural Network of the City Cloud Brain Can Connect People and Things Across Cities**
The development of large social networks in the city cloud brain represents the expansion of its neural network. With the integration of IoT, cloud computing, and big data, these networks go beyond human interactions. Buildings, cars, scenic spots, shopping malls, and appliances can all have online accounts, automatically sharing real-time information and interacting with other "people" and "things." This creates a broader "big SNS" that spans people, things, and even continents.
**Third, the Cloud Reflex Arc of the City Cloud Brain Can Cross City Boundaries**
Similar to the human brain’s reflex actions, the city cloud brain’s reflex arc reflects how quickly and intelligently a city provides various smart services. The more diverse and faster the reflex arcs, the higher the level of urban intelligence. Examples include security, financial, traffic, energy, education, medical, tourism, and retail reflex arcs. Since the neurons and central nervous system of the city cloud brain are not confined to one city, these reflex arcs often span nationally or even globally.